Using the VLN, Caerus employs a specialized subtractive immunization technique referred to as DIAAD (Differential Immunization for Antigen and Antibody Discovery). Using this technique, off-target humoral responses are reduced or altogether eliminated, generating high-specificity antibodies, and dramatically improving the probability of identifying unique antigens or antibodies. DIAAD can be used to remove responses to normal cells, or to particular antigens or epitopes, refining and focusing the immune response on unique epitopes and antigens. Using cells, DIAAD is antigen-agnostic, allowing for the identification of novel antigens from particular cell subsets. This allows for new IP for more potent, safer, and specific discovery with minimal cross-reactivity and adverse events.